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咪草烟

中文名称:咪草烟,化学名:2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑2-基]-5-乙基-3-吡啶羧酸。在酸性及中性条件下稳定,遇强碱分解。

理化性质

熔 点:169℃-173℃

蒸气压:0.013mpa(60℃)

溶解度(g/L,25℃): 水1.4;丙48.2;三氯甲烷185;甲苯5;2-丙醇17;甲醇105

Kow logP = 1.04 (pH 5), 1.49 (pH 7), 1.20 (pH 9) (all 25 ºC)

稳定性:在酸性及中性条件下稳定,遇强碱分解。

产品特点:

原药质量指标

项目 标准值

外观 淡黄色至白色结晶固体,无可见外来杂质

含量 ≥98.0%

PH 3.0-5.0

加热减量 ≤1.0%

固体不溶物 ≤1.0%

用途:用于豆科作物防除禾本科杂草阔叶杂草.

毒性:低毒,大鼠急性经口LD50\u003e5 000mg/kg。

[COMMERCIALISATION]

History: 除草剂 reported by T. Malefyt et al. (Abstr. 1984, Weed Sci. Soc. Mtg., Miami, p. 18, Abstract 49). Introduced by American Cyanamid Co (now 巴斯夫 AG).

[APPLICATIONS ]

生物化学 Branched chain amino acid synthesis (ALS or AHAS) inhibitor. Hence reduces levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine, leading to disruption of protein and 脱氧核糖核酸 synthesis. Selectivity in soya benas and peanuts is attributed to rapid detoxification via 羟基化 and glycosylation (B. Tecle et al., Proc. 1997 Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 2, 605). 调式 of Action Systemic 除草剂, absorbed by the roots and foliage, with translocation in the xylem and 韧皮部, and accumulation in the meristematic regions. Uses 监察 of many major annual and perennial grass and broad-leaved weeds in soya beans and other leguminous crops. Applied pre-plant Inc., pre-emergence, or post-emergence. Phytoxicity Non-phytotoxic to soya beans and other leguminous crops, when used as directed. Formulation types sl Selected tradenames: 'Hammer' (BASF); 'Overtop' (BASF, du Pont); 'Pivot' (BASF); 'Pursuit DG' (BASF); 'Pursuit' (BASF)

[OTHER TRADENAMES ]

'Wayup' (巴斯夫); 'Vezir' (Herbitécnica); 'Vrilec' (Ipesa)

[MAMMALIAN 毒理学 ]

Oral: Acute oral LD50 for male and female rats, and female mice \u003e5000 mg/千克 Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits \u003e2000 mg/kg; mild skin and reversible eye irritant.

Inhalation: LC50 for 家鼠属 3.27 mg/l air (analytical), 4.21 mg/l (gravimetric).

NOEL (2 y): for rats \u003e10 000 mg/kg diet; (1 y) for dogs \u003e10 000 mg/kg diet (highest dose tested).

WHO hazard class: III (Table 5)

Other: Non-mutagenic in the Ames test.

毒性 class: III

[ECOTOXICOLOGY ]

巴尔的摩金莺队: Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail and 野鸭 ducks \u003e2150 mg/千克

Fish: LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 420, rainbow trout 340, channel catfish 240 mg/l.

Daphnia: LC50 (48 h) \u003c1000 mg/l.

Algae: NOEL for Selenastrum capricornutum 50 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. I50 for Lemna gibba 4.38 mg/l.

Bees: Topical LD50 for Honey bees \u003e0.1 mg/bee.

Worms: I50 \u003e10 000 mg/千克

[ENVIRONMENTAL FATE ]

Animals: In rats, following oral administration, 92% was excreted in the urine and 5% in the faeces within 24 hours. Residue levels in blood, liver, kidney, muscle, and fat tissues were \u003c0.01 ppm after 48 hours.

Plants: Rapidly metabolised in non-susceptible plants; half-life in soya beans 1.6 days. The primary metabolic route in maize is oxidative hydroxylation at the a- 原子 of the ethyl substituent on the 吡啶 圆环

Soil/Environment: Half-life in soil 1-3 months.

用途

咪唑啉酮类除草剂,是侧链氨基酸合成抑制剂,芽前或芽后施用。对大豆田和其他豆科田的禾本科杂草和某些阔叶杂草有优异的防效,如老鸦谷、蓼、、龙葵苍耳、草、狗尾草马唐、黍等。可制成水剂。施药方法:苗期(大豆真叶期至2片复叶期、杂草1~4叶期),每公顷1000~2000ml5%水剂,对水450~600kg均匀喷雾。插后苗期(土壤情好时),每公顷1500~2250ml5%水剂,对水450~600kg均匀喷雾。注意事项:施药均匀、周到,避免重复施药,一年内仅可施药一次;避免飞机高空施药;施药时切不可漂移至敏感作物上;敏感作物有甜菜、白菜、油菜、西瓜、黄瓜、马铃薯、茄子、辣椒、番茄、高粱等,上述作物在第二年内不能种植,甜菜三年内不能种植;本制剂适于东北地区大豆产区,未应用过的地区应在农技部门指导下试验后推广。

制备或来源

双乙烯酮二氯甲烷中用处理,得氯代乙乙酸乙,该化合物与二氯在三氯甲烷中,于室温下反应10小时,得2,4-二氯代乙酰乙酸乙酯,再与2-乙基丙烯醛氨基磺酸铵乙醇中回流1.5小时,制得2-氯甲基-5-乙基烟酸乙酯,后者与2-氨基2,3-二甲基丁酰胺碳酸氢钠二甲基亚砜中,于80℃下反应16小时,得到的缩合物再水解,然后在冰醋中环合即得咪草烟。

备注:勿在未衬里的不锈钢或铝容器中贮存或混合,有腐蚀性;不能与强氧化剂混合。避免药物接触皮肤、眼睛或玷污衣物;避免吸入液雾。药剂一旦接触皮肤、眼睛应用大量清水冲洗;不慎误服时,勿催吐应立即送医院诊治。

生态毒理学

鸟类:急性经口LD50,鹌鹑和绿头鸭2150毫克/千克

鱼类:半致死浓度( 96小时)为420毫克/升,虹鳟340毫克/升,鲇形目240毫克/升

蚤:半致死浓度( 48小时) 1000毫克/升

海藻:月牙藻50毫克/升,其他水生草浮萍为4.38毫克/升

蜜蜂属:局部蜜蜂的LD50为0.1毫克/升。

虫类: 150~10 000毫克/升。

环境转移

动物:在大鼠口服后92 %从尿液排出,5 %从粪便排出,24小时内,血液,肝脏,肾脏,肌肉,脂肪组织的残留水平较多。

植物:快速新陈代谢的非敏感植物;半衰期大豆一点六天,主要代谢途径是在玉米氧化羟化在一个乙基取代的吡环。

土壤/环境:半衰期在土壤中1-3个月。

包装及贮运

本品在贮存、运输和施药过程中切勿污染食物和饲料。

参考资料


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