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意大利国家电力公司

意大利国家电力公司

意大利国家电力公司（ENEL），意大利电力工业早期主要由私营企业经营，1962年后根据"公共电业国有法"，政府接管了全国的私营电力公司，组建了国有的意大利国家电力公司（ENEL），对发、输、配电采用垂直一体化管理体制，是意大利最大的发电供电商。意大利国家电力公司目前在意大利全国的客户数量有3千万户，占整个意大利的87%。

2022年8月消息，位列2022年《财富》世界500强排行榜第90位。

正文

ENEL 意大利国家电力公司

中文简介

ENEL是全球第三大电力公司，是意大利国内最大的国有公共事业企业。在《商业周刊》评选的 2003 年度全球股票市值最大的 1000 家公司排行榜中， Enel Spa 名列第 77 位。

意大利国家电力公司是由21家电力、电信、网络、检测企业组成的集团公司，是意大利最大的电力供应商和第二大天然气经销商、供应商。1999年，意大利国家电力公司在米兰和纽约证券交易所同时上市，市值400多亿欧元。该公司已在北京设立了办事处。

意大利国家电力公司 ENEL 是全球第三大电力公司，是意大利国内最大的国有公共事业企业。与美国、法国、罗马尼亚等国家有着密切的合作。

Enel Spa 是一家业绩优良的意大利国有控股公司， 2003 年营业收入超过 310 亿欧元，净利润达 25 亿欧元。它是意大利第一大电力供应商，在国内拥有超过 4500 万 kW 的总装机容量，约 3000 万用电客户，它还是意大利第二大天然气销售供应商，为 190 万用户提供天然气。此外，它还是全球再生能源利用方面的前导企业，在西班牙、北美和拉丁美洲等地区有广泛影响。 Enel Spa 在资本市场也占据重要地位。 1999 年 11 月 Enel Spa 分别在米兰和纽约证券交易所首次公开发行了价值 165.5 亿欧元的股票，占国有股权的 32% ，是迄今欧洲规模最大、全球排名第二的 IPO ，股东人数达到 250 万。去年 10 月，意大利政府又通过摩根士丹利成功抛售了 6.6% 的国有股权，获得 21.7 亿欧元的收入。

意大利电力工业早期主要由私营企业经营， 1962 年后根据“公共电业国有法”，政府接管了全国的私营电力公司，组建了国有的意大利国家电力公司（ ENEL ），对发、输、配电采用垂直一体化管理体制，是意大利最大的发电供电商。

1992 年， ENEL 成为联合股份公司，到 1999 年 11 月， ENEL 售出了 34.5 ％的股份并在米兰和纽约证券交易所上市。当时约有 300 万人买进了该股，使之成为意大利持有最为广泛的股票。 1999 年底， ENEL 抽资脱离 3 个独立的发电公司，这 3 个公司分别是：最大的 Eruogen 公司，位居第 2 的 Elettrogen 公司和 Interpower 公司，他们的总发电容量为 1500 万 kW 。

2000 年 5 月， ENEL 将它的 26 座水电站卖给了一家合资公司，该公司将负责这些电站以及相关输变电网的运行。 2000 年 4 月意大利国家电网调度中心（ GRTN ）正式开始运行，财政部拥有其全部股份。 GRTN 受工业部和其他政府部门领导，与电网的拥有者是合同关系。 GRTN 的主要职责是管理输电和调度；根据安全、可靠性及经济标准明确网络的检修和发展计划；与电网拥有者签定合同。 GRTN 下又成立了 2 个公司，即市场运行者（ MO ）公司和单一购买者（ SB ）公司。 GRTN 对这 2 个公司拥有 100% 的股份。

2003 年 10 月，为提高机构投资者持有量，意大利经济部作价 22 亿欧元将该公司 6.6% 的股权出售给摩根士丹利

(MorganStanley) 。意大利经济部目前直接持有 ENEL 公司 50% 的股票，通过国有信贷机构 CassaDepositiePrestiti 间接持有该公司 10% 的股票。

2004 年 10 月， Enel Spa 国有股权的再次出售，将对意大利的财政状况、电力改革和资本市场产生重要影响。

最近有消息称，意大利政府准备出售 Enel 集团20%的股份，这些股份价值 78 亿欧元。

作为欧盟电力排放大户， Enel 在过去的三年中年均排放高达 6000 万吨 CO2 。据初步统计， Enel 在《京都议定书》第一承诺期间（ 2005-2012 年）每年须采购的 CO2 减排额将高达 500- 1500 万吨。

2022年11月消息，意大利国家电网公司（Enel）计划在美国建立一座大型太阳能工厂，此前美国气候法案通过后有几家美国清洁技术制造商宣布建立新工厂。

英文简介

Enel is Italy's largest 功率 company and Europe's second-largest utility for installed capacity. It produces, distributes and sells electricity and gas across Europe, North and Latin America. After the acquisition of the Spanish utility Endesa, together with partner Acciona, Enel has now a presence in 21 countries with approx. 80.000 MW of generating capacity and serves about 50 million 功率 and gas customers. Listed on the Milan stock exchange since 1999, Enel has the largest number of shareholders of any Italian company, at some 1.7 million retail and institutional investors.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Enel is also the second-largest Italian distributor and vendor of natural gas, with over 2.3 million customers and a 12% market share. The company has 58,548 employees and operates a wide range of hydroelectric, thermoelectric, nuclear, geothermal, wind-功率, and 光伏产业 power stations.

In 2006, Enel posted revenues of 38.5 billion euros, EBITDA of 8 billion euros and net income of 3 billion euros. Enel was the first utility in the world to replace its Italian customers’ traditional electromechanical meters with modern electronic devices that make it possible to take meter readings in real 时间 and manage contractual relationships remotely. This innovation has enabled Enel to implement time-of-use electricity charges, which offer customer savings for evening and weekend electricity use, an initiative that has attracted interest from many utilities in Italy and around the world.

INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS

After having completed the sale of non strategic assets (property, telecommunications, H₂O management ect.) Enel is actively engaged in international expansion in the 功率 and gas market. With 19,000 MW in plants using renewable 能量 resources (hydro, geothermal, wind, solar and biomass) across the world, Enel is a world leader in the sector.

In December 2006, Enel launched a five-year plan (2007–2011) for the development of renewable 能量 sources and for research and development of new environmentally friendly technologies with an overall investment of 4.1 billion euros.

Enel is strongly focused on international growth and has a presence in Europe (Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Slovakia and Spain), North America (Canada and the United States) and Latin America (Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Panama). With Endesa, Enel will also be present in Argentina, Colombia, Morocco, Peru and Portugal).

Enel runs operations in Spain in the generation, distribution and sale of electricity with the companies of the Viesgo Group, which has about 2,200 MW in installed capacity, and with Enel Union Fenosa Renovables, a company active in the wind and hydro 功率 sector

On 1 October 2007, Enel and partner Acciona successfully completed their Joint Tender Offer over Endesa. Enel and Acciona currently hold 92.06% of the share capital of Endesa (Enel 67.05%, Acciona 25.01%).

Enel is one of the largest renewable independent operators in the Americas with Enel North America and Enel Latin America, two companies that have about 1000 MW of installed capacity.

In North America Enel has over 400 MW of hydroelectric, wind and biomass 功率 generation and has signed an agreement with the company TradeWind Energy in the US to develop over 1000 MW of new wind power.

In Latin America Enel operates over 600 MW of hydroelectric and wind 功率 plants, including third companies operations in El Salvador and Panama respectively in the geothermal and hydroelectric fields.

In France, Enel has acquired Erelis, a company that has authorizations in several different fields to build wind plants of up to 500 MW. Over more, it has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Edf to ACQUIRE 12.5% of the new nuclear 功率 project European Pressurized Reactor (EPR). Enel owns 5% of the French power stock exchange Powernext and is one of the main operators in 能量 trading in the country with 1000 MW exchanged in 2006.

In Bulgaria, Enel acquired control of one of the country’s largest 功率 plants, Maritza East 3, in March 2003. The lignite-fired facility has a capacity of 840 MW.

In Slovakia, in February 2005, Enel acquired 66% of Slovenské elektrárne (SE), the largest electricity generator in the country, and the second-largest in Central and Eastern Europe, with a generation capacity of 7000 MW, a mix of nuclear, thermal and hydro assets.

In Romania it acquired 51% of two electricity distribution companies in April 2005: Electrica Banat and Electrica Dobrogea, which supply 1.4 million customers. Further to the acquisition of Electrica Muntenia Sud, the company will double its presence in the Romanian 功率 distribution sector, reaching about 2.5 million customers.

In Russia, Enel managed from June 2004 to September 2007– in partnership with the local private group ESN Energo – the North-West Thermal Power Plant in St. Petersburg. Enel has also acquired from the ESN Group 49.5% of RusEnergoSbyt, a Russian trader providing electricity to major industrial customers. On April 4, 2007, Enel acquired through SeverEnergia (formerly Enineftegaz, a consortium 40% Enel - 60% Eni) a group of promising gas fields including 100% of OAO Arcticgaz, 100% of ZAO Urengoil, 100% of OAO Neftegaztechnologia. Enel also holds a 37.15% stake in JCS Fifth Generation Company of the Wholesale Electricity Market (“OGK-5) is about to launch a public tender offer over the entire share capital of the group.

SHAREHOLDING STRUCTURE

The Italian Economy Ministry holds 21.1% of the company directly and another 10.1% indirectly through state-run lender Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, leaving a free-float of some 68.8%. Thanks to its Code of Ethics, Sustainability Report, its environmental protection policy and the adoption of international best practices for transparency and corporate governance, Enel’s shareholders include leading international investment funds, insurance companies and pension funds, ethical funds, along with Italian retail investors.